booksoli.blogg.se - Sports teams chicago 1930

The bibliography lists numerous histories of Negro League baseball. For example, Armando Marsans, listed here with the Almendares team, played for Cincinnati starting in 1911. Some Cubans also played in the Major League regular season.

The names of players in the box scores indicate that games between American and Cuban teams were scheduled without regard to the race of the participants. (Library of Congress, General Collections.) New York: American Sports Publishing Co., 1911, p.

Box scores for games between Detroit and Almendares, and between Philadelphia and Havana, held in Cuba in 1910.

Halftone photomechanical print in: Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. This Spanish language edition covers Cuban baseball games (including those with teams from other leagues), star players, and the sport's history. (Library of Congress, General Collections. New York: American Sports Publishing Co., 1913.

Cover of the Spanish-American edition of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.

To read more about African Americans in college sports, see Ocania Chalk's Black College Sport. He had a notable record for the Harvard Nine. 11 in the front row) played baseball at Harvard for four years and later obtained a law degree from Boston University. Reproduction #: LC-USZ62-119879Ĭollege teams were sometimes integrated. Library of Congress, General Collections. In 1990, the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum opened in Kansas City, Missouri. Written contracts to keep players with teams through a season were uncommon, however, and schedules were irregular.Īfter 1947, when major league teams began integrating, the Negro League teams lost many of their best players, and the League folded entirely in 1960. Negro League competition featured speed, surprise, and more showmanship than in organized baseball. In 1945, Jackie Robinson joined the Kansas City Monarchs (Negro American League) and played with such baseball legends as Satchel Paige and Martin Dihigo. The Negro American League started in 1937 and later absorbed the Negro National League teams.

The most viable of the Negro Leagues began in 1920 - the Negro National League. Many blacks played baseball there in the winter as well as in Negro Leagues in the United States in the summer. In Cuba, Mexico, and other parts of Latin America, professional baseball was not segregated. The baseball establishment also frowned on interracial barnstorming and white players were eventually banned from wearing their major league uniforms in these games. The majority of owners and managers thwarted efforts like this. In 1901, John McGraw, manager of the Baltimore Orioles, attempted to get black second baseman Charlie Grant into the game by calling him a Cherokee named Tokohama. Some baseball owners and managers of major league teams tried to hire African Americans by describing the players as Hispanic or Native American. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division. African-American baseball players of Morris Brown College, Atlanta, Georgia. However, during the early 1900s, blacks were not allowed to play on white professional teams in the United States. Some interracial games occurred when major league white teams played black teams in barnstorming (exhibition) games. Professional African-American teams and short-lived "negro leagues" formed in the late 1800s.